Rental Math
Know what a property really earns.

Decision guide

Rental Property Expenses Checklist

Build a complete rental-property expense estimate before using cash flow, cap rate, or cash-on-cash return to judge a deal.

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Quick Answer

Rental Property Expenses Checklist is worth reviewing before you trust a calculator result because the assumptions behind the model usually matter as much as the formula.

Key Takeaways

  • Property taxes and landlord insurance
  • Vacancy and bad-debt allowance
  • Repairs, maintenance, and capital reserves
  • Management, leasing, and tenant-screening costs
  • Owner-paid utilities, HOA dues, licenses, and bookkeeping

Separate operating expenses from financing

Taxes, insurance, repairs, maintenance, vacancy, utilities, management, licensing, and owner-paid services belong in the operating model. Principal and interest belong in financing. Keeping them separate makes cap rate and cash flow easier to compare.

Use reserves for costs that do not arrive monthly

Roofs, appliances, turnovers, leasing fees, and large repairs are irregular but real. Convert a reasonable annual allowance into a monthly reserve instead of treating quiet months as free profit.

Tenant screening and leasing have a cost

Include advertising, screening, lease preparation, inspection, and turnover time. Even when an applicant pays a screening fee, local law and actual vendor pricing determine what the owner may charge or recover.

Checklist Before You Decide

  • Property taxes and landlord insurance
  • Vacancy and bad-debt allowance
  • Repairs, maintenance, and capital reserves
  • Management, leasing, and tenant-screening costs
  • Owner-paid utilities, HOA dues, licenses, and bookkeeping

FAQ

What expenses should be included in rental property cash flow?

Include recurring operating costs, realistic vacancy, management or leasing costs, and reserves for repairs and capital items. Subtract mortgage payments separately when calculating cash flow after financing.

Is the mortgage payment an operating expense?

No. Property-level metrics such as net operating income and cap rate exclude debt service. Cash flow and cash-on-cash return include the effect of financing.

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